Chapter+9

Chapter 9 -The Confederation and the Constitution Terms:

 1. Society of the Cincinnati: Continental army officers formed their own exclusive social order which excluded everyone not in the army, basically citizens.  2. Primogeniture: An inheritance law which stated that when a father dies, all the property goes to the eldest son  3. Virginia Statue for Religious Freedom- was created by Thomas Jefferson and stated that religion should not be imposed on anybody and that each person decided their own faith.  4. 1st Continental Congress- wanted a make a complete end to the slave trade when they met in 1774.  5. Civic Virtue-The notion that democracy depended on the unselfish commitment of each citizen to the public betterment.  6. 2nd Continental Congress-asked all the colonies to create a new constitution for them to become a state in the newly formed nation.  7. The fundamental law is above the temporary whims of ordinary legislation.  8. Brandywine Creek – A creek south of Philadelphia where many mills built.  9. “The Empress of China” – In 1784, this ship opened up East Asian trading markets to the U.S. This ship was carrying ginseng.  10. Articles of Confederation – The first draft for the Articles was finished in 1777. However, the articles were not ratified by the states until 1781. 11. Federalists - Federalists wanted a strong central government and wanted the constitution to be passed in 1777. 12. Anti federalists - Disagreed with federalists and wanted a weak a central government with very little power given to the government itself. They didnt support the constitiution because it didnt have a Bill of Rights. And also, fought for the presence of God in government, 13. Confederation - A group of seperate states where each state is free to act independently among the others. The 13 colonies, after gaining their freedom, established a confederation with a weak, central government. 14. The Federalist Papers - Written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison, the Federalists papers were a series of articles that illustrated a need for a stronger central government in the colonies. 15. Shays' Rebellion - A revolt by western Massachusetts farmers led by Daniel Shays. The farmers were upset because they were losing their farms through mortgage foreclosures. They demanded cheaper money, lighter taxes, and an end to mortgage foreclosures. When police and other citizens tried to stop the madness, they became violent. The revolt was eventually crushed. 16. The Large State Plan - Also known as the Virginia Plan, due to the fact that it was purposed by a Representative from Virginia, this plan purposed a bi-cameral Congress based on population. This would give larger states an advantage in any national vote. 17. The Small State Plan - A plan deemed it necessary for all states to be represented equally in a uni-cameral congress with no regards to population of size. 18. The Great Compromise - The great compromise purposed a bi-cameral congress where one house, known as the House of Representatives, would have representitives based on the population of the states. And the second house, known as the Senate, there would be two representatives for each state, regarless of population.

People: 1. Quakers- founded the first anti-slavery society in 1775. 2. Elizabeth “Mumbet” Freeman- was a former slave who sued her master to gain her freedom. She won the case and lived as a paid domestic servant for the lawyer who represented her in the case. 3. Roger Morris – Owned a large estate in New York City and his land was sliced in 250 different pieces and sold off for people to buy. This helped to jump-start the economy 4. Key anti federalists included: Samuel Adams, Patrick Henry, and Richard Henry Lee 5. Key federalists included Benjamin Franklin and George Washington. 6. Daniel Shays - Led Shays Rebellion