Chapter+6+-+The+Duel+for+North+America

Chapter 6: The Duel for North America


 * Terms ** :
 * Edict of Nants** – was issued by the crown of France in 1598. This granted limited religious freedom to French Protestants. It also stopped wars between the Protestants and Catholics
 * Jesuits**- French Catholic missionaries
 * Beaver**- New France’s only valuable resource
 * King William’s War** – (1689-1697) The earliest battles among European power for control of North America, known to British colonists
 * Queen Anne’s War**- (1702-1713) The earliest battles among European power for control of North America, known to British colonists
 * King Georges's War in America** - The War of Jenkins's Ear started in 1739 between the British and Spaniards. This small battle became a war. It ended in 1748 with a treaty that handed Louisbourg back to France, enraging New Englanders.
 * French and Indian War (Seven Years' War)-** started in 1754. It was fought in America, Europe, the West Indies, the Philippines, Africa, and on the ocean. In Europe, the principal adversaries were Britain and Prussia on one side and France, Spain, Austria, and Russia on the other. The French wasted so many troops in Europe that they were unable to put enough forces into America.
 * Albany Congress ** - met in 1754, Only 7 of 13 colony delegates showed up. It attempted to unite all of the colonies but the plan was hated by individual colonists and the London regime.
 * Fort Duquesne**-
 * Battle of Quebec** **in 1759 ** - between British and the French fought on the Plains of Abraham. the British under Wolfe and the French under __Marquis de Montcalm__.
 * Treaty of Paris ( 1763)** - ended the battle of Quebec and threw the French power off the continent of North America for good
 * Intercolonial disunity** – during time of war this was caused by many different things including enormous distances; geographical barriers; conflicting religions, from Catholics to Quakers; varied nationalities, from German to Irish; differing types of colonial governments; many boundary disputes; and the resentment of the crude back-country settlers against the aristocrats.
 * Proclamation of 1763**- issued by london government, It prohibited settlement in the area beyond the Appalachians. (The Appalachian land was acquired after the British beat the Indians). It was made to prevent another bloody eruption between the settlers and Indians. Many colonists disregarded it.


 * People: **
 * King Louis XIV**: The king of France in the late 1500s who was extremely powerful and was feared greatly.
 * Samuel de Champlain**: discovered Quebec and was known as the “Father of New France.”
 * Antoine Cadillac**: founded Detroit in 1701, encouraged people to settle in Ohio Valley
 * Robert de La Salle**: named the Louisiana territory.
 * General Braddock**: In 1755, lead troops to take over Fort Duquesne. However, a smaller force of French troops and Indians killed his men. Because of this, the area from PA to NC was open for them to attack.
 * William Pitt**: 1757 known as the “Great Commoner.” Great leader in London captured Louisburg in 1758.
 * James Wolfe** : British soldier who lead the British in Battle of Quebec in 1759 on the Plains of Abraham.
 * Marquis de Montcalm**: lead French in the Battle of Quebec in 1759 on the Plains of Abraham.
 * Pontiac**: Ottawa chief in1763, lead Indians to drive the British out of the Ohio territory; Defeated many British armies.
 * Summary of War: **


 * The results of the war effectively ended French political and cultural influence in North America. IN addition, England gained extreme amounts of land which strengthened its hold on the continent as a whole.The war had many other smaller results in addition to these. This war made the relationship between England and the Native Americans worse. Despite the fact that the war seemed to strengthen England's hold on the countries and colonies due to allthe intake of land but the effects of the French and Indian War played a major role in also worsening the relationship between England and its colonies. Which in turn, eventually led ito the Revolutionary War.