Chapter+3+-+Settling+the+Northern+Colonies

The Protestant Reformation Produces Puritanism
 * Martin Luther- nailed the protests against the church to the Wittenberg cathedral door in 1517, and started the “Protestant Reformation.”
 * John Calvin- wrote the //Institute of Christian Religion//, which were the basic ideas of Calvinism
 * Puritans- people who wanted to see the process of taking Catholicism our of England more quickly
 * Separatists- a tiny group of Puritans that left the Church of England

The Pilgrims End Their Pilgrimage at Plymouth
 * Plymouth Bay- spot where the English separatists came, without legal permission, after leaving England. Plymouth is in North America.
 * Captain Myles Standish- an Indian fighter and negotiator aboard the Mayflower
 * Mayflower Compact- the crude first attempt of government in America signed by 41 people, that stated that they would submit to the will of the majority
 * William Bradford- a self-taught scholar, who was elected as governor of Massachusetts 30 times

The Bay Colony Bible Commonwealth
 * William Laud- archbishop of England that was sanctioned by Charles I to do anti-Puritan acts
 * Massachusetts Bay Colony- secured legally through royal charter by non-Separatist Puritans that feared for their faith
 * Great Migration- When about 70,000 people left England for America
 * John Winthrop- The Bay colony’s first governor, who served for 19 years

Building The Bay Colony
 * General Court- assembly where the freemen annually elected the governor and his assistants
 * Visible Saints- another name for the Puritans
 * John Cotton- a very devoted Puritan
 * Michael Wigglesworth- in 1662, wrote the poem, “The Day of Doom”

Trouble in the Bible Commonwealth
 * Anne Hutchinson- an intelligent woman that was exiled from Massachusetts for challenging the Church
 * Roger Williams- a Salem minister who was banished from Massachusetts for speaking against the Church

The Rhode Island “Sewer”
 * Roger Williams- established Rhode Island for religious freedom for all

New England Spreads Out
 * Reverend Thomas Hooker- lead an energetic group of Boston Puritans when they poured into Hartford, CT
 * Fundamental Orders- a document for Connecticut that served as a constitution
 * Sir Ferdinando Gorges- sold part of Maine to Massachusetts in 1677

Puritans Versus Indians
 * Massaasoit- leader of the Wampanoag Indians signed a treaty with the Puritans and helped them with the first Thanksgiving
 * Pequot Tribe- in 1637 they fought and were defeated by the Puritans and their Narragansett Indian allies
 * Metacom- Massasoit’s son, who launched a series of attacks on the Puritans

Seeds of Colonial Unity and Independence New England Confederation- formed by 4 New England colonies that banded together __Andros Promotes the First American Revolution__ · **Sir Edmund Andros** - an English militant that led the Dominion of New England ·  **New England Confederation** ** - **a political and military alliance of the British colonies of Massachusetts, Plymouth, Connecticut, and New Haven · **Dominion of New England**** – (1686-1689) union of New England colonies created to enforce the ** Navigation Acts ** and to coordinate the defense against the French and Native Americans. It was ruled by ** Sir Edmund Andros **. **  ·  **Glorious** (**Bloodless**) Revolution – (1688-1689) people of Old England dethroned Catholic James II and enthroned the Protestant rulers of the Netherlands, the Dutch-born William III and his English wife, Mary, daughter of James II  __ Old Netherlanders at New Netherland  __ ·  ** Dutch East India Company ** ** - **chartered by the States-General of the Netherlands to expand trade and assure close relations between the government and its colonial enterprises in Asia ·  ** New Netherlands ** - the seventeenth-century colonial province of the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands in the region of the Hudson River · ** New Amsterdam – **** the capital of New Netherlands, later New York City ** · ** Company Town - ** a town or city in which much or all luxuries of life within its borders are owned by a single company ·  ** New Sweden ** ** – **** Swedish colony located on the **  Delaware River · ** Thirty Years' War – **** (1618-1648) one ** of the most destructive conflicts in European history. The war began as a religious conflict between Protestants and Catholics in the Holy Roman Empire, but the internal politics and balance of power within the Empire played an important part. Eventually the war developed into a more general conflict involving most of the European powers. ·  ** King Gustavus Adolphus ** ** – ** founder of the Swedeish Empire at the beginning of the Golden Age of Sweden ·  ** Peter Stuyvesant ** ** – ** the last Dutch Director-General of New Netherland · **New York –** English colony surrendered by the Dutch, which was originally New Amsterdam; named after the Duke of York · ** Quakers - ** a Christian sect known for their pacifist views; also known as the Religious Society of Friends. They refused to support the Church of England. · ** William Penn – ** founder of Pennsylvania, an English colony that supported freedom of religion and democracy · ** Pennsylvania – ** English colony founded by William Penn in 1681, that supported religious freedom, and was mostly inhabited by Quakers · **Religious freedom –** principle of freedom to express one’s own religious beliefs · **Lord John Berkeley –** one of the English men that took and was granted New Netherland, and got West New Jersey. He sold West New Jersey to Penn in 1674. · **Sir George Carteret -** one of the English men that took and was granted New Netherland, and got East New Jersey. His widow sold East New Jersey to Penn in 1681. · **New Jersey –** British colony that started as two separate colonies run by Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret. Both colonies were sold to William Penn and officially became one colony in 1702. · **Bread Colonies –** the middle colonies, which were New York, New Jersey, Delaware, and Pennsylvania, known for their grain export · **Benjamin Franklin –** born in Massachusetts, moved to Pennsylvania. Later became one of the founding fathers of America. __ Chronology __ · 1571 - Martin Luther begins Protestant Reformation · 1536 - John Calvin of Geneva publishes Institutes of the Christian Religion · 1620 - Pilgrims sail on the Mayflower to Plymouth Bay · 1624 - Dutch found New Netherland · 1629 - Charles I dismisses Parliament and persecutes Puritans · 1630 - Puritans found Massachusetts Bay Colony · 1635-1636 - Roger Williams convicted of heresy and founds Rhode Island colony · 1635-1638 - Connecticut and New Haven colonies founded · 1637 - Pequot War · 1638 - Anne Hutchinson banished from Massachusetts colony · 1639 - Connecticut's Fundamental Orders drafted · 1642-1648 - English Civil War · 1643 - New England Confederation formed · 1655 - New Netherland conquers New Sweden · 1664 - England seizes New Netherland from Dutch, East and West Jersey colonies founded · 1675-1676 - King Philip's War · 1681 - William Penn founds Pennsylvania colony · 1686 - Royal authority creates Dominion of New England · 1688-1689 - Glorious Revolution overthrows Stuarts and Dominion of New England
 * __Friction with English and Swedish Neighbors __**
 * __Dutch Residues in New York __**
 * __Penn's Holy Experiment in Pennsylvania __**
 * __Quaker Pennsylvania and Its Neighbors __**
 * __ The Middle Way in the Middle Colonies __**