Chapter+7+-+The+Road+to+Revolution

Key Terms:   People
 * “radical Whigs”- a group of British political commentators.
 * Republicanism- Americans looked to the ancient Greek and Roman republics which defined a society in which all citizens willingly subordinated their interests to the common good.
 * Mercantilist- believed that wealth was power and that a country’s economic wealth could be measured by the amount of gold and silver they had.
 * Navigation Law of 1650- said that only British vessels could transport commerce flowing to and from the colonies.
 * Mercantilism- made the Americans dependent on British agents and creditors and stifled economic initiative.
 * The Sugar Act of 1764- the first law ever passed for raising tax revenue in the colonies for the crown.
 * Quartering Act of 1765- a law requiring certain colonies to provide food and shelter for British troops.
 * The Stamp Act of 1765- a tax on stamps, legal documents, playing cards, pamphlets, newspapers, diplomas, bills of lading, and marriage certificates that raised the revenues to support the new British military force.
 * The Declaratory Act- Parliament passed this law in order to reaffirm their right to bind the colonies in all cases whatsoever.
 * Townsend Acts- this law put a light import duty on glass, white lead, paper, paint, and tea.
 * The British East India Company- The company that imported tea to the Americas. It faced bankruptcy in 1773.
 * The Boston Tea Party- Bostonians disguised as Native Americans went on the docked ships on December 16, 1773 and destroyed 342 chests of tea and dumped them into Boston Harbor as a protest.
 * The Boston Port Act- It closed Boston Harbor until damages were paid and order was restored to King.
 * The Quebec Act of 1774- The French were allowed to be Catholic and permitted to retain any of their old customs except for a representative assembly or trial by jury. Also the boundaries of Quebec were expanded all the way to the Ohio River.
 * The Association- passed by the Continental Congress of 1774, it demanded complete boycott of British goods but did not yet call for independence.
 * Lexington Massacre- in April 1775, Britain was commanded to send a detachment of troops to seize stores of colonial gunpowder and to capture the leaders of the colonial rebellion. The minutemen refused to leave, shots were fired, and eight Americans were killed and several were wounded.
 * John Hancock- a colonial merchant who became rich and famous from wholesale smuggling.
 * Prime Minister George Grenville- ordered the British navy to strictly enforce the Navigation Laws and secured the Sugar Act in 1774, which caused resentment among the colonists. He also imposed the Stamp Act which the supported the new military force.
 * “Champagne Charley” Townsend- he seized the British ministry and promised to take resources from the colonists without rebellion from them. He convinced Parliament to pass the Townsend Acts.
 * Crispus Attucks- He was one the first guys to die in the Boston Massacre. He was a mulatto and a leader of the mob.
 * John Adams- the future president who served as a defense attorney of the redcoats of the Boston Massacre.
 * King George III- He was stubborn, industrious, and greedy for power and he attempted to assert the power of the British monarchy.
 * Samuel Adams- Propagandist and rebel, his main interest was in politics. He organized local committees of correspondence in Massachusetts. Cousin of John Adams.
 * Thomas Hutchinson- governor of Massachusetts whose home was destroyed by Stamp Act protestors. Agreed that the Tea tax was unfair but also that the colonists must follow the law. He ordered tea ships not to leave Boston Harbor until their unload their cargo which infuriated Boston’s radicals.
 * George Washington- a large influence for the fight for independence.
 * Benjamin Franklin- a strong debater and diplomat for America.
 * Marquis de Lafayette- a wealthy French nobleman who fled to the colonies and was made a general in the army.
 * Barron Van Steuben- he was a notable German drill master who taught the soldiers of the Continental line to fight.
 * Lord Dunmore- governor of Virginia who issued a proclamation that insured freedom for enslaved blacks that joined the British army.